Types of Epilepsy and Seizures

Nocturnal Seizures

Any form of epilepsy may occur during sleep, but some types are more likely to be restricted exclusively to sleep. These are sometimes called Nocturnal Seizures. Studies have shown that 10-45% of people with epilepsy experience seizures predominantly or exclusively during sleep or with sleep deprivation.

Febrile Convulsions

Febrile convulsions are another form of brain disturbance somewhat related to epilepsy. They are generally seen in young children with a high temperature.

Temporal Lobe Seizures

Temporal lobe seizures affect the sections of the brain found above each ear. The temporal lobe processes emotions, short-term memory, and the fight-or-flight reaction. People with temporal lobe seizures often experience altered mental and emotional states rather than physical symptoms. The main symptom is a brief loss of consciousness, and the patient may appear drowsy, violent, or intoxicated during the seizure.

Status Epilepticus

Status epilepticus is a state of recurring seizures where consciousness does not return between events, which can be extremely serious. This condition is rare but can cause brain damage or death if not treated. A seizure lasting for half an hour or more indicates status epilepticus. It is essential for bystanders to time the seizure duration and call emergency medical services immediately. Status epilepticus is more common in people with tonic-clonic seizures but can occur with any type of seizure. Emergency medications such as buccal midazolam and rectal diazepam are often prescribed for individuals prone to status epilepticus.

Conclusion

Understanding the various types of epilepsy and seizures, including their symptoms and treatments, is crucial for providing appropriate care and support. Recognising the signs and knowing how to respond in emergencies can significantly impact the wellbeing of those affected by epilepsy.